举个例子，如果你想知道4,000,000区块的以太坊账户余额，那么就需要运行存档节点，然后查询这个数字。这个节点依赖于一些专门的用例，但是对区块链的安全性和信任模型来说其实并没有影响。

内容引用

https://www.ccvalue.cn/article/2011.html

问题描述

为了对比数据方便，排除发起交易gas消耗引起的账户余额差别，会将hardhat test 脚本中设置发起交易，设置gasPrice：0

await contract.withdraw({from: accounts[15], gasPrice: 0})

执行hardhat test时报以下错误

Transaction gasPrice (0) is too low for the next block, which has a baseFeePerGas of 8

解决方案

hardhat-config.js中设置initialBaseFeePerGas: 0

 networks: {
        hardhat: {
            ...
            initialBaseFeePerGas: 0
        }
    }

参考

https://github.com/nomiclabs/hardhat/issues/1216
https://github.com/nomiclabs/hardhat/blob/8e219bfc4112488953508eddd826d537bc71e803/docs/hardhat-network/reference/README.md

1.10.8版本出现的一个bug

rpc returndata 使用一个字段miner，但不包含coinbase. 因此，如果调用者想要在远程端计算头/块哈希，这是不可能的，因为我们不再提供正确的值coinbase。

通过revert提交解决
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/23466/files

等待 1.10.9解决，或者使用master分支，文章此时已合入

SHA-1: 62ad17fb0046243255048fbf8cb0882f48d8d850

* Revert "eth, internal/ethapi: make RPC block miner field show block sealer correctly (#23312)" (#23466)

https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/23523
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/23463
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/23512
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/23466

假设有个合约ERC20充值方法，方法接收msg.sender发送的ERC20代币，并增加合约中的余额统计

import "openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
...
function rechargeMain(address mainChainErc20Addr, uint256 amount) payable external notContract returns (bool){
    ...
    require(amount > 0, "The recharge amount is too small");
    require(IERC20(mainChainErc20Addr).balanceOf(msg.sender) >= amount, "Insufficient contract account balance");

    IERC20(mainChainErc20Addr).transfer(address(this), amount);
    ...
    return true;
}

执行后提示

execution reverted: ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance

经测试（Github Code）

function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
    _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
    return true;
}

_msgSender()的地址为合约地址，测试交易（跳转地址）

所以我们需要使用transferFrom，代码修改为

import "openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
...
function rechargeMain(address mainChainErc20Addr, uint256 amount) payable external notContract returns (bool){
    ...
    require(amount > 0, "The recharge amount is too small");
    require(IERC20(mainChainErc20Addr).balanceOf(msg.sender) >= amount, "Insufficient contract account balance");

    IERC20(mainChainErc20Addr).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
    ...
    return true;
}

执行完，提示

execution reverted: ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance

查看代码（Github code）

function transferFrom(
address sender,
 address recipient,
 uint256 amount
) public virtual override returns (bool) {
    _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);

    uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
    require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
    unchecked {
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
    }

    return true;
}

需要先批准交易金额（津贴）（Github Code）

 function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
     _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
     return true;
 }

查看当前剩余允许值，（Github Code）

function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
    return _allowances[owner][spender];
}

也可以执行increaseAllowance或decreaseAllowance增量增减调整

对于此次需求，执行rechargeMain前，需要先执行津贴充值

increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue)

执行increaseAllowance的地址为当前充值转出地址
spender为当前转入合约地址
addedValue为当前充值金额
测试交易：https://ropsten.etherscan.io/tx/0x0f65cb2a7ca2bf0d6b1fdd65e943afb5c6305573dc3c3a960c2f86f71757c897

pip3 install solc-select
solc-select install 版本